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Dolphin
Scientific Classification Dolphins
and their immediate kin are included in the scientific family
Delphinidae. This family is represented by about 30 species, including
common dolphins, pilot whales, killer whales, and false killer
whales. [View More]
Dolphin
Habitat and Distribution In general, the coastal ecotype seems to be
adapted for warm, shallow waters. Its smaller body and larger
flippers suggest increased maneuverability and heat dissipation.
These dolphins frequent harbors, bays, lagoons, and estuaries.
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Dolphin
Physical Characteristics Large bottlenose dolphins in the Pacific may
be 3.7 m (12 ft.) and weigh 454 kg (1,000 lb.). In the Mediterranean,
bottlenose grow to 3.7 m (12 ft.) or more. [View
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Dolphin
Senses Most sound reception, or hearing, probably
takes place through the lower jaw. Studies show that the lower
jaw most effectively receives sounds with frequencies above 20
kHz. A dolphin may also receive sound through soft tissue and
bone surrounding the ear. [View
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Dolphin
Adaptations for an Aquatic Environment Swimming speed and duration are closely tied:
high-speed swimming probably lasts only seconds while low-speed
swimming may last for long periods of time. Bottlenose dolphins
routinely swim at speeds of about 5-11 kph (3 to 7 mph). [View
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Dolphin
Behavior Bottlenose dolphins live in groups called pods.
A pod is a coherent long-term social unit. The size of a pod varies
significantly with its composition. [View
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Dolphin Diet
and Eating Habits Dolphins are active predators and eat a wide
variety of fishes, squids, and crustaceans such as shrimps. The
foods available to a dolphin vary with its geographic location.
Adult bottlenose dolphins eat approximately 4% to 5% of their
body weight in food per day. [View
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Dolphin
Reproduction Age when attaining sexual maturity is variable
among bottlenose dolphins; on average, females become sexually
mature when they reach about 2.3 m (7.5 ft.), at about 5 to 12
years. Males become sexually mature when they reach about 2.4
to 2.6 m (8-8.5 ft.), at about 1 0 to 12 years. [View
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Dolphin Birth
and Care of Young Gestation period is about 12 months. Worldwide,
calves are born throughout the year. Seasonal calving peaks vary
by area. [View More]
Dolphin
Communication and Echolocation Dolphins probably rely on sound production
and reception to navigate, communicate, and hunt in dark or murky
waters. Under these conditions, sight is of little use. Bottlenose
dolphins identify themselves with a signature whistle. However,
scientists have found no evidence of a dolphin language. [View
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Dolphin
Longevity and Causes of Death Census data from the Sarasota, Florida population
suggest that a bottlenose dolphin's average life span is probably
20 years or less. Bottlenose dolphins have lived as long as 48
years. [View More]
Dolphin
Conservation In 1946, 14 countries signed the International
Whaling Convention for the regulation of whaling, forming the
International Whaling Commission (IWC). The purpose of the IWC
is to protect the future of whale stocks as a resource. Members
of the IWC are requested to report direct and indirect catches
of small cetaceans, including bottlenose dolphins, as part of
their National Progress Reports on Cetacean Research. For the
most part, however, these catches go largely unreported. [View
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